Tensions Over Lumbee Recognition Highlight Deep Divisions in Indian Country
Tensions Over Lumbee Recognition Highlight Deep Divisions in Indian Country WASHINGTON — The federal recognition of the Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina in December 2025 has marked a historic milestone for the Lumbee people — and reopened a long-running debate within Indian Country over identity, sovereignty, and how tribes are acknowledged by the United States. The Department of the Interior formally added the Lumbee Tribe to the list of federally recognized tribes following legislation signed by President Donald J. Trump, granting the tribe full access to federal benefits and establishing a government-to-government relationship with the United States. “Federal recognition is about respect, accountability and self-determination.” — Interior Secretary Doug Burgum Two Paths to Recognition, One Ongoing Dispute The Lumbee recognition was enacted through an act of Congress rather than the traditional administrative review process overseen by the Office of Fed...